英语中表达所有格、动名词和时间长度的方法

本课程将教你如何用英语表达所有格、如何正确使用动名词，以及如何使用 for、since 和 ago 来表达时间长度。

课程内容包含清晰的解释、带翻译的例句以及可展开查看答案的练习题。

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所有格表达

在英语中，有两种常用方式来表示所有关系：使用 's 或 of。

1. 使用 's 表示所有

当所有者是人或动物时，通常在名词后加 's：

英语中文翻译
Rebecca’s phone丽贝卡的手机
My brother’s bike我哥哥的自行车
Julien’s pen朱利安的笔
The cat’s eyes猫的眼睛
My friend’s house我朋友的房子

2. 所有者是以 s 结尾的复数名词

当所有者是规则复数且以 s 结尾时，只加一个撇号 '：

英语中文翻译
Parents’ room父母的房间
My friends’ book我朋友们的书
The dogs’ food狗的食物
The teachers’ lounge老师们的休息室
The students’ homework学生们的作业

3. 不规则复数的所有格

当复数不是以 s 结尾时，仍使用 's：

英语中文翻译
Women’s chore女性的家务
Men’s strategy男性的策略
Children’s birthday孩子们的生日
People’s voice人民的声音
Children’s room孩子们的房间

4. 多重所有（双重所有格）

表达“某人的某人的……”时，可以连续使用 's：

英语中文翻译
Rebecca’s sister’s car丽贝卡姐姐的车
Mayela’s friend’s book玛耶拉朋友的书
Pupils’ parents’ houses学生家长的房子
Men’s book’s chapter男人们那本书的章节
The teacher’s son’s room老师儿子的房间

5. 表示场所的所有格

用 's 可以表示“在某人家/店里”：

英语中文翻译
Rebecca is at the doctor’s丽贝卡在医生那里
I’ll meet you at Mayela’s我在玛耶拉家见你
Let’s go to the butcher’s我们去肉店吧
I’m staying at my aunt’s我住在我姑妈家
He is working at the dentist’s他在牙医那工作

6. 使用 “of” 表示所有

当所指对象是无生命的物体或抽象概念时，通常使用 of 表达所有关系：

英语中文翻译
The title of the book这本书的标题
The color of the car这辆车的颜色
The leg of the chair椅子的腿
The handle of the door门的把手
The keys of the house房子的钥匙

⚠️ 一般来说，如果不是“人”的所有，建议使用 of。

练习：填入 ’s、’ 或 of

  1. This is my __________ car. (brother)
  2. The name __________ the book is long. (book)
  3. Rebecca is at the __________. (doctor)
  4. The __________ toys are everywhere. (children)
  5. Mayela’s __________ friend is here. (sister)
查看答案
  1. This is my brother’s car.
  2. The name of the book is long.
  3. Rebecca is at the doctor’s.
  4. The children’s toys are everywhere.
  5. Mayela’s sister’s friend is here.

动名词用法（Gerund）

动名词（gerund）是动词加上 -ing 构成的形式，它在句中用作名词。

动名词可以作主语、宾语、介词后的宾语或主系表结构中的表语。

1. 作主语

动名词可用作句子的主语：

英语中文翻译
Hunting animals is exciting.打猎令人兴奋。
Calling for help can save lives.呼救可以拯救生命。
Reading improves your vocabulary.阅读可以提升词汇量。
Walking is good for your health.走路有益健康。
Travelling teaches you a lot.旅行教会你很多。

2. 作动词宾语

某些动词后必须接动名词：

英语中文翻译
I enjoy playing football.我喜欢踢足球。
She loves writing books.她喜欢写书。
They avoid eating late.他们避免吃太晚。
We finished studying at 11.我们学习到11点。
He suggested going out.他建议出去。

3. 作介词宾语

介词后必须接动名词：

英语中文翻译
I can’t leave without telling you.我不能不告诉你就离开。
I’m tired of explaining this.我厌倦了解释这件事。
Before leaving, check the lights.离开前检查灯。
She succeeded in passing the test.她成功通过了考试。
We’re interested in learning more.我们对学习更多感兴趣。

4. 作表语（be动词后）

动名词可作系动词后的主语补语：

英语中文翻译
My pastime is dancing.我的消遣是跳舞。
Her job is teaching English.她的工作是教英语。
My sister’s hobbies are singing and sailing.我姐姐的爱好是唱歌和航海。
The problem is trusting people.问题是信任人。
His passion is photographing nature.他的热情是拍摄自然。

常见动名词搭配的介词和动词

📌 介词 / 表达方式 + 动名词

英语表达中文含义
after在……之后
without没有
before在……之前
by通过
of……的
to be used to习惯于
look forward to期待
it’s worth值得……
can’t help忍不住
can’t stand无法忍受

📌 后接动名词的常见动词

动词中文翻译
enjoy喜欢
avoid避免
admit承认
consider考虑
deny否认
suggest建议
finish完成
keep (on)继续
postpone推迟
risk冒险
stop / start / begin停止 / 开始
recommend推荐

练习：使用动名词填空

  1. Swim __________ is healthy.
  2. She enjoys __________ (cook) for her family.
  3. I’m tired of __________ (wait).
  4. His passion is __________ (write) poetry.
  5. You should avoid __________ (make) mistakes.
查看答案
  1. Swimming is healthy.
  2. She enjoys cooking for her family.
  3. I’m tired of waiting.
  4. His passion is writing poetry.
  5. You should avoid making mistakes.

时间长度表达（for / since / ago）

在英语中，for、since 和 ago 用于表示时间的长度或某事发生的时间点。

1. for – 表示“持续了多久”

for 用来表示一个动作持续了多长时间：

英语中文翻译
I have lived here for 5 years.我在这里住了5年。
She studied for two hours.她学习了两个小时。
They were together for a long time.他们在一起很长一段时间。
We waited for ten minutes.我们等待了十分钟。
He worked here for a year.他在这里工作了一年。

2. since – 从…开始

since 用于表示从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在（通常与现在完成时连用）：

英语中文翻译
I’ve lived here since 2010.我从 2010年起就住在这里。
He has been sick since Monday.他从星期一起就一直生病。
They have known each other since childhood.他们从小就认识。
She’s been a teacher since last year.她从去年起就当老师了。
We’ve waited since 9 o’clock.我们从9点起就在等。

3. ago – ……以前

ago 表示距离现在多少时间以前（与过去时连用）：

英语中文翻译
She left two days ago.她两天前离开了。
I saw him an hour ago.我一小时前看到他。
They met long ago.他们很久以前见过面。
I arrived five minutes ago.我五分钟前到的。
The accident happened a year ago.事故发生在一年前。

4. 其他时间表达法

a) How long – 问持续时间

英语中文翻译
How long have you lived here?你在这里住了多久？
How long did it take?这花了多长时间？
How long have they been waiting?他们等了多久？
How long have you known him?你认识他多久了？
How long were you in Rome?你在罗马呆了多久？

b) It has been… since – 自从……以来

英语中文翻译
It has been three years since we met.自从我们见面已经三年了。
It has been a while since I saw him.自从我见他已经有一阵子了。
It has been months since she left.自从她离开已经几个月了。
It has been two days since I last ate.我上次吃饭已经过了两天。
It has been ten minutes since the bell rang.铃响已经十分钟了。

⚠️ 注意：how long ≠ how often

  • How long → 表示持续时间（多长时间？）
  • How often → 表示频率（多久一次？）

本节内容只讲解时间长度的表达。

练习：填写 for / since / ago

  1. I’ve been here ______ 9 a.m.
  2. They moved here three years ______.
  3. She’s worked with us ______ six months.
  4. We’ve known each other ______ childhood.
  5. He left five minutes ______.
查看答案
  1. I’ve been here since 9 a.m.
  2. They moved here three years ago.
  3. She’s worked with us for six months.
  4. We’ve known each other since childhood.
  5. He left five minutes ago.

综合练习

下面的练习将帮助你巩固关于 所有格、动名词 和 时间长度 的知识。

练习 1 – 填写 ’s、’ 或 of

  1. This is my __________ car. (brother)
  2. The name __________ the book is long. (book)
  3. Rebecca is at the __________. (doctor)
  4. The __________ toys are everywhere. (children)
  5. Mayela’s __________ friend is here. (sister)
查看答案
  1. This is my brother’s car.
  2. The name of the book is long.
  3. Rebecca is at the doctor’s.
  4. The children’s toys are everywhere.
  5. Mayela’s sister’s friend is here.

练习 2 – 使用 -ing 形式

将括号中的动词改为动名词形式：

  1. I enjoy __________ (read) at night.
  2. She left without __________ (say) goodbye.
  3. __________ (travel) is a passion for me.
  4. He's tired of __________ (work) late every day.
  5. My hobby is __________ (paint).
查看答案
  1. I enjoy reading at night.
  2. She left without saying goodbye.
  3. Travelling is a passion for me.
  4. He's tired of working late every day.
  5. My hobby is painting.

练习 3 – 填写 for / since / ago

  1. I’ve lived here __________ 2018.
  2. They arrived two hours __________.
  3. We’ve been waiting __________ half an hour.
  4. She’s been sick __________ Monday.
  5. He left five minutes __________.
查看答案
  1. I’ve lived here since 2018.
  2. They arrived two hours ago.
  3. We’ve been waiting for half an hour.
  4. She’s been sick since Monday.
  5. He left five minutes ago.

练习 4 – 多项选择题

选择正确答案：A、B 或 C

  1. They __________ the project yesterday.
    A. finished
    B. finishing
    C. finish
  2. __________ is good for your heart.
    A. To walk
    B. Walking
    C. Walk
  3. I’ve known him __________ high school.
    A. for
    B. since
    C. ago
  4. That’s my __________ bag.
    A. sister
    B. sister’s
    C. sisters
  5. He left an hour __________.
    A. before
    B. since
    C. ago
查看答案
  1. A. finished
  2. B. Walking
  3. B. since
  4. B. sister’s
  5. C. ago
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