⏰ 英语中的时间表达与国家名称
📘 1. 课程简介
本课程将帮助你掌握两大基础主题:
- ✔️ 英语中时间的表达与理解
- ✔️ 国家名称、国籍、首都的英语表达
- ✔️ 包含图示、例句、练习题,适合零基础或日常英语学习者
适用于希望提升口语、应对旅行或考试准备的学习者。
📘 2. 如何阅读英语时间
在英语中,说时间时常常会用到 past(过了) 和 to(差几分到) 来表达分钟。 英语的表达方式与中文略有不同,非常值得掌握。
✔️ 基本结构
- It is ten past three. → 现在是三点十分。
- It is quarter past four. → 现在是四点一刻。
- It is twenty to five. → 现在是差二十分钟五点(即四点四十)。
- It is half past seven. → 现在是七点半。
- It is eight o'clock. → 现在是八点整。
📝 练习 – 用英文写出正确的时间表达
根据括号中的时间,用英文完整表达:
- I wake up at ________. (6:30)
- The train leaves at ________. (8:15)
- We have lunch at ________. (12:00)
- The class ends at ________. (2:45)
- He goes to bed at ________. (10:00)
查看答案
- I wake up at half past six.
- The train leaves at quarter past eight.
- We have lunch at twelve o'clock.
- The class ends at quarter to three.
- He goes to bed at ten o'clock.
📘 3. 如何用英语正确说时间
英语中表达时间的方式与中文不同,需要掌握一些基本结构和常见词汇。重点是理解 “past” 表示“过了几点几分”,而 “to” 表示“差几分到几点”。
✔️ 常见结构
- It is + 分钟 + past + 当前小时 → 表示“几点几分(已过)”
- It is + 分钟 + to + 下一小时 → 表示“差几分到几点”
📌 常用词汇
- o'clock:整点(例:It is four o'clock)
- quarter past:几点一刻(15分钟)
- quarter to:差一刻到几点
- half past:几点半
✔️ 实用例句
- It is five past ten → 十点五分
- It is twenty to four → 差二十分钟四点(3:40)
- It is half past eleven → 十一点半
📘 4. 理解时钟结构:past 与 to 的用法
为了更好地理解英语中如何读时间,我们可以将时钟划分为两个区域,如下图所示:
🟢 右半边(12 点到 6 点)= past
当分针在 12 到 6 之间,表示 “几点几分过了”,使用 past:
- It is ten past three → 三点十分
- It is twenty past seven → 七点二十分
- It is quarter past nine → 九点一刻
- It is half past eleven → 十一点半
🔵 左半边(6 点到 12 点)= to
当分针在 6 到 12 之间,表示 “差几分到几点”,使用 to:
- It is twenty to four → 差二十分钟四点(3:40)
- It is ten to one → 差十分钟一点(12:50)
- It is five to six → 差五分钟六点
- It is quarter to ten → 差一刻十点(9:45)
📌 图解总结
- 🕐 从 12 到 6:使用 past + 当前小时
- 🕡 从 6 到 12:使用 to + 下一个小时
- 15 分钟 = quarter,30 分钟 = half
📘 5. 查看时间图片实例
以下是一些带有图像的时钟示例,帮助你视觉化地理解英语中的时间表达。每一行包含一个时钟图、英文表达以及中文翻译。
| 时钟 | 英文表达 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|
![]() | It is twelve o'clock | 十二点整 |
![]() | It is five past twelve | 十二点五分 |
![]() | It is ten past twelve | 十二点十分 |
![]() | It is quarter past twelve | 十二点一刻 |
![]() | It is twenty past twelve | 十二点二十分 |
![]() | It is twenty-five past twelve | 十二点二十五分 |
![]() | It is half past twelve | 十二点半 |
![]() | It is twenty-five to one | 差二十五分钟一点 |
![]() | It is twenty to one | 差二十分钟一点 |
![]() | It is quarter to one | 差一刻一点 |
![]() | It is ten to one | 差十分一点 |
![]() | It is five to one | 差五分一点 |
![]() | It is one o'clock | 一点整 |
![]() | It is five past one | 一点五分 |
![]() | It is quarter past one | 一点一刻 |
![]() | It is half past one | 一点半 |
![]() | It is five to two | 差五分两点 |
![]() | It is two o'clock | 两点整 |
📘 6. 互动练习 – 几点了?
根据括号中的时间,用英文完整地写出表达方式。使用 past、to、half、quarter 等关键词。
- The meeting is at ________. (9:15)
- The train leaves at ________. (6:30)
- He goes to school at ________. (7:00)
- The film starts at ________. (8:45)
- I go to bed at ________. (10:10)
查看答案
- The meeting is at quarter past nine.
- The train leaves at half past six.
- He goes to school at seven o'clock.
- The film starts at quarter to nine.
- I go to bed at ten past ten.
📘 7. 国家、国籍和首都
在本节中,你将学习如何用英语表示:
- 🌍 Country(国家名称)
- 👤 Nationality(国籍 / 形容词)
- 👥 People(居民 / 国民)
- 🏙️ Capital(首都)
接下来的章节将按洲别(非洲、美洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲)列出各国的英语表达,帮助你拓展词汇并掌握实用表达。
每个国家的信息都包含于表格中,方便查阅和记忆。
🌍 7.1 非洲 – 国家、国籍和首都
下表列出了非洲所有国家的英文名称、对应的国籍形容词、居民称谓和首都。请注意这些词汇在对话和写作中非常常见,特别是在介绍自己或他人时。
| Country | Nationality | People | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | Algerian | the Algerians | Algiers |
| Angola | Angolan | the Angolans | Luanda |
| Benin | Beninese | the Beninese | Porto-Novo |
| Botswana | Botswanan | the Botswanans | Gaborone |
| Burkina Faso | Burkinabe | the Burkinabe | Ouagadougou |
| Burundi | Burundian | the Burundians | Gitega |
| Cabo Verde | Cape Verdean | the Cape Verdeans | Praia |
| Cameroon | Cameroonian | the Cameroonians | Yaoundé |
| Central African Republic | Central African | the Central Africans | Bangui |
| Chad | Chadian | the Chadians | N'Djamena |
| Comoros | Comorian | the Comorians | Moroni |
| Republic of the Congo | Congolese | the Congolese | Brazzaville |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Congolese | the Congolese | Kinshasa |
| Côte d'Ivoire | Ivorian | the Ivorians | Yamoussoukro |
| Djibouti | Djiboutian | the Djiboutians | Djibouti |
| Egypt | Egyptian | the Egyptians | Cairo |
| Equatorial Guinea | Equatoguinean | the Equatoguineans | Malabo |
| Eritrea | Eritrean | the Eritreans | Asmara |
| Eswatini | Swazi | the Swazis | Mbabane |
| Ethiopia | Ethiopian | the Ethiopians | Addis Ababa |
| Gabon | Gabonese | the Gabonese | Libreville |
| Gambia | Gambian | the Gambians | Banjul |
| Ghana | Ghanaian | the Ghanaians | Accra |
| Guinea | Guinean | the Guineans | Conakry |
| Guinea-Bissau | Bissau-Guinean | the Bissau-Guineans | Bissau |
| Kenya | Kenyan | the Kenyans | Nairobi |
| Lesotho | Basotho | the Basotho | Maseru |
| Liberia | Liberian | the Liberians | Monrovia |
| Libya | Libyan | the Libyans | Tripoli |
| Madagascar | Malagasy | the Malagasy | Antananarivo |
| Malawi | Malawian | the Malawians | Lilongwe |
| Mali | Malian | the Malians | Bamako |
| Mauritania | Mauritanian | the Mauritanians | Nouakchott |
| Mauritius | Mauritian | the Mauritians | Port Louis |
| Morocco | Moroccan | the Moroccans | Rabat |
| Mozambique | Mozambican | the Mozambicans | Maputo |
| Namibia | Namibian | the Namibians | Windhoek |
| Niger | Nigerien | the Nigeriens | Niamey |
| Nigeria | Nigerian | the Nigerians | Abuja |
| Rwanda | Rwandan | the Rwandans | Kigali |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | São Toméan | the São Toméans | São Tomé |
| Senegal | Senegalese | the Senegalese | Dakar |
| Seychelles | Seychellois | the Seychellois | Victoria |
| Sierra Leone | Sierra Leonean | the Sierra Leoneans | Freetown |
| Somalia | Somali | the Somalis | Mogadishu |
| South Africa | South African | the South Africans | Pretoria |
| South Sudan | South Sudanese | the South Sudanese | Juba |
| Sudan | Sudanese | the Sudanese | Khartoum |
| Tanzania | Tanzanian | the Tanzanians | Dodoma |
| Togo | Togolese | the Togolese | Lomé |
| Tunisia | Tunisian | the Tunisians | Tunis |
| Uganda | Ugandan | the Ugandans | Kampala |
| Zambia | Zambian | the Zambians | Lusaka |
| Zimbabwe | Zimbabwean | the Zimbabweans | Harare |
🌎 7.2 美洲 – 国家、国籍和首都
这个表格展示了北美、中美和南美洲国家的相关信息,包括: 国家名称(Country)、国籍(Nationality)、居民称谓(People) 和 首都(Capital)。
| Country | Nationality | People | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antigua and Barbuda | Antiguan | the Antiguans | Saint John's |
| Argentina | Argentinian | the Argentinians | Buenos Aires |
| Bahamas | Bahamian | the Bahamians | Nassau |
| Barbados | Barbadian | the Barbadians | Bridgetown |
| Belize | Belizean | the Belizeans | Belmopan |
| Bolivia | Bolivian | the Bolivians | Sucre |
| Brazil | Brazilian | the Brazilians | Brasília |
| Canada | Canadian | the Canadians | Ottawa |
| Chile | Chilean | the Chileans | Santiago |
| Colombia | Colombian | the Colombians | Bogotá |
| Costa Rica | Costa Rican | the Costa Ricans | San José |
| Cuba | Cuban | the Cubans | Havana |
| Dominica | Dominican | the Dominicans | Roseau |
| Dominican Republic | Dominican | the Dominicans | Santo Domingo |
| Ecuador | Ecuadorian | the Ecuadorians | Quito |
| El Salvador | Salvadoran | the Salvadorans | San Salvador |
| Grenada | Grenadian | the Grenadians | St. George's |
| Guatemala | Guatemalan | the Guatemalans | Guatemala City |
| Guyana | Guyanese | the Guyanese | Georgetown |
| Haiti | Haitian | the Haitians | Port-au-Prince |
| Honduras | Honduran | the Hondurans | Tegucigalpa |
| Jamaica | Jamaican | the Jamaicans | Kingston |
| Mexico | Mexican | the Mexicans | Mexico City |
| Nicaragua | Nicaraguan | the Nicaraguans | Managua |
| Panama | Panamanian | the Panamanians | Panama City |
| Paraguay | Paraguayan | the Paraguayans | Asunción |
| Peru | Peruvian | the Peruvians | Lima |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Kittitian / Nevisian | the Kittitians and Nevisians | Basseterre |
| Saint Lucia | Saint Lucian | the Saint Lucians | Castries |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Vincentian | the Vincentians | Kingstown |
| Suriname | Surinamese | the Surinamese | Paramaribo |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Trinidadian | the Trinidadians | Port of Spain |
| United States | American | the Americans | Washington, D.C. |
| Uruguay | Uruguayan | the Uruguayans | Montevideo |
| Venezuela | Venezuelan | the Venezuelans | Caracas |
🌏 7.3 亚洲 – 国家、国籍和首都
亚洲是世界上最大和人口最多的洲。以下表格列出了各国的英文名称、对应的国籍、居民名词和首都,适合用于口语和写作练习。
| Country | Nationality | People | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Afghan | the Afghans | Kabul |
| Armenia | Armenian | the Armenians | Yerevan |
| Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani | the Azerbaijanis | Baku |
| Bahrain | Bahraini | the Bahrainis | Manama |
| Bangladesh | Bangladeshi | the Bangladeshis | Dhaka |
| Bhutan | Bhutanese | the Bhutanese | Thimphu |
| Brunei | Bruneian | the Bruneians | Bandar Seri Begawan |
| Cambodia | Cambodian | the Cambodians | Phnom Penh |
| China | Chinese | the Chinese | Beijing |
| Cyprus | Cypriot | the Cypriots | Nicosia |
| Georgia | Georgian | the Georgians | Tbilisi |
| India | Indian | the Indians | New Delhi |
| Indonesia | Indonesian | the Indonesians | Jakarta |
| Iran | Iranian | the Iranians | Tehran |
| Iraq | Iraqi | the Iraqis | Baghdad |
| Israel | Israeli | the Israelis | Jerusalem |
| Japan | Japanese | the Japanese | Tokyo |
| Jordan | Jordanian | the Jordanians | Amman |
| Kazakhstan | Kazakh | the Kazakhs | Astana |
| Kuwait | Kuwaiti | the Kuwaitis | Kuwait City |
| Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz | the Kyrgyz | Bishkek |
| Laos | Lao | the Lao | Vientiane |
| Lebanon | Lebanese | the Lebanese | Beirut |
| Malaysia | Malaysian | the Malaysians | Kuala Lumpur |
| Maldives | Maldivian | the Maldivians | Malé |
| Mongolia | Mongolian | the Mongolians | Ulaanbaatar |
| Myanmar | Burmese | the Burmese | Naypyidaw |
| Nepal | Nepali | the Nepalese | Kathmandu |
| North Korea | North Korean | the North Koreans | Pyongyang |
| Oman | Omani | the Omanis | Muscat |
| Pakistan | Pakistani | the Pakistanis | Islamabad |
| Palestine | Palestinian | the Palestinians | Ramallah |
| Philippines | Filipino | the Filipinos | Manila |
| Qatar | Qatari | the Qataris | Doha |
| Saudi Arabia | Saudi | the Saudis | Riyadh |
| Singapore | Singaporean | the Singaporeans | Singapore |
| South Korea | South Korean | the South Koreans | Seoul |
| Sri Lanka | Sri Lankan | the Sri Lankans | Colombo |
| Syria | Syrian | the Syrians | Damascus |
| Taiwan | Taiwanese | the Taiwanese | Taipei |
| Tajikistan | Tajik | the Tajiks | Dushanbe |
| Thailand | Thai | the Thai | Bangkok |
| Timor-Leste | Timorese | the Timorese | Dili |
| Turkey | Turkish | the Turks | Ankara |
| Turkmenistan | Turkmen | the Turkmens | Ashgabat |
| United Arab Emirates | Emirati | the Emiratis | Abu Dhabi |
| Uzbekistan | Uzbek | the Uzbeks | Tashkent |
| Vietnam | Vietnamese | the Vietnamese | Hanoi |
| Yemen | Yemeni | the Yemenis | Sana'a |
🌍 7.4 欧洲 – 国家、国籍和首都
欧洲拥有众多国家,是语言和文化非常丰富的地区。下表列出各国的英文名称、国籍形容词、居民称呼以及首都名称,非常适合提升词汇量和地理常识。
| Country | Nationality | People | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Albanian | the Albanians | Tirana |
| Andorra | Andorran | the Andorrans | Andorra la Vella |
| Austria | Austrian | the Austrians | Vienna |
| Belarus | Belarusian | the Belarusians | Minsk |
| Belgium | Belgian | the Belgians | Brussels |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian | the Bosnians | Sarajevo |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian | the Bulgarians | Sofia |
| Croatia | Croatian | the Croats | Zagreb |
| Czech Republic | Czech | the Czechs | Prague |
| Denmark | Danish | the Danes | Copenhagen |
| Estonia | Estonian | the Estonians | Tallinn |
| Finland | Finnish | the Finns | Helsinki |
| France | French | the French | Paris |
| Germany | German | the Germans | Berlin |
| Greece | Greek | the Greeks | Athens |
| Hungary | Hungarian | the Hungarians | Budapest |
| Iceland | Icelandic | the Icelanders | Reykjavík |
| Ireland | Irish | the Irish | Dublin |
| Italy | Italian | the Italians | Rome |
| Latvia | Latvian | the Latvians | Riga |
| Liechtenstein | Liechtensteiner | the Liechtensteiners | Vaduz |
| Lithuania | Lithuanian | the Lithuanians | Vilnius |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourgish | the Luxembourgers | Luxembourg |
| Malta | Maltese | the Maltese | Valletta |
| Moldova | Moldovan | the Moldovans | Chișinău |
| Monaco | Monegasque | the Monegasques | Monaco |
| Montenegro | Montenegrin | the Montenegrins | Podgorica |
| Netherlands | Dutch | the Dutch | Amsterdam |
| North Macedonia | Macedonian | the Macedonians | Skopje |
| Norway | Norwegian | the Norwegians | Oslo |
| Poland | Polish | the Poles | Warsaw |
| Portugal | Portuguese | the Portuguese | Lisbon |
| Romania | Romanian | the Romanians | Bucharest |
| Russia | Russian | the Russians | Moscow |
| San Marino | Sammarinese | the Sammarinese | San Marino |
| Serbia | Serbian | the Serbs | Belgrade |
| Slovakia | Slovak | the Slovaks | Bratislava |
| Slovenia | Slovenian | the Slovenians | Ljubljana |
| Spain | Spanish | the Spanish | Madrid |
| Sweden | Swedish | the Swedes | Stockholm |
| Switzerland | Swiss | the Swiss | Bern |
| Ukraine | Ukrainian | the Ukrainians | Kyiv |
| United Kingdom | British | the British | London |
| Vatican City | Vatican | the Vatican citizens | Vatican City |
🌊 7.5 大洋洲 – 国家、国籍和首都
大洋洲包含澳大利亚、新西兰及太平洋上的众多岛国。以下表格提供各国的英语名称、对应的国籍、居民称呼和首都,方便掌握地理与文化相关词汇。
| Country | Nationality | People | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Australian | the Australians | Canberra |
| Fiji | Fijian | the Fijians | Suva |
| Kiribati | Kiribati | the I-Kiribati | South Tarawa |
| Marshall Islands | Marshallese | the Marshallese | Majuro |
| Micronesia | Micronesian | the Micronesians | Palikir |
| Nauru | Nauruan | the Nauruans | Yaren (de facto) |
| New Zealand | New Zealand | the New Zealanders | Wellington |
| Palau | Palauan | the Palauans | Ngerulmud |
| Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinean | the Papua New Guineans | Port Moresby |
| Samoa | Samoan | the Samoans | Apia |
| Solomon Islands | Solomon Islander | the Solomon Islanders | Honiara |
| Tonga | Tongan | the Tongans | Nukuʻalofa |
| Tuvalu | Tuvaluan | the Tuvaluans | Funafuti |
| Vanuatu | Vanuatuan | the Ni-Vanuatu | Port Vila |
📘 8. 示例 + 总复习练习题
✔️ 英语表达例句
- I am from Morocco. I am Moroccan. I live in Rabat.
我来自摩洛哥。我是摩洛哥人。我住在拉巴特。 - She is Japanese. She lives in Tokyo.
她是日本人。她住在东京。 - They are Brazilian. They are from Brasília.
他们是巴西人。他们来自巴西利亚。 - He is Italian. He lives in Rome.
他是意大利人。他住在罗马。 - We are Canadian. We live in Ottawa.
我们是加拿大人。我们住在渥太华。
📝 练习题 – 用英语填写正确的国家、国籍或首都
- She is from _______. She is Chinese.
- They are _______. They live in Berlin.
- I am from _______. I live in Dakar.
- Tokyo is the capital of _______.
- We are _______. We live in Madrid.
查看答案
- She is from China. She is Chinese.
- They are Germans. They live in Berlin.
- I am from Senegal. I live in Dakar.
- Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
- We are Spanish. We live in Madrid.
📌 总结要点
- Country = 国家名称(如:Italy)
- Nationality = 国籍形容词(如:Italian)
- People = 居民名词(如:the Italians)
- Capital = 首都(如:Rome)
- 英文中,所有国家名与城市名首字母大写
📘 9. 课程总结
在本课程中,我们系统学习了两个非常重要的英语基础主题:
- ⏰ 时间的表达方式:掌握了如何使用
past、to、half和quarter表达时间,包括图解说明与实用练习。 - 🌍 国家、国籍和首都:学习了各大洲国家的英语表达方式,包括居民称谓,有助于在交流中准确描述国别信息。
本课程内容结合了视觉图像、例句、练习和总结,适合零基础学习者,也适合用于复习巩固。掌握这些基础内容,将大大提升你的日常交流能力。
欢迎继续学习本站的其他英语课程,不断提升你的语言技能。

















