⏰ 英语中的时间表达与国家名称

📘 1. 课程简介

本课程将帮助你掌握两大基础主题:

适用于希望提升口语、应对旅行或考试准备的学习者。

📘 2. 如何阅读英语时间

在英语中,说时间时常常会用到 past(过了)to(差几分到) 来表达分钟。 英语的表达方式与中文略有不同,非常值得掌握。

✔️ 基本结构

📝 练习 – 用英文写出正确的时间表达

根据括号中的时间,用英文完整表达:

查看答案
  • I wake up at half past six.
  • The train leaves at quarter past eight.
  • We have lunch at twelve o'clock.
  • The class ends at quarter to three.
  • He goes to bed at ten o'clock.

📘 3. 如何用英语正确说时间

英语中表达时间的方式与中文不同,需要掌握一些基本结构和常见词汇。重点是理解 “past” 表示“过了几点几分”,而 “to” 表示“差几分到几点”。

✔️ 常见结构

📌 常用词汇

✔️ 实用例句

📘 4. 理解时钟结构:pastto 的用法

为了更好地理解英语中如何读时间,我们可以将时钟划分为两个区域,如下图所示:

clock past vs to

🟢 右半边(12 点到 6 点)= past

当分针在 12 到 6 之间,表示 “几点几分过了”,使用 past

🔵 左半边(6 点到 12 点)= to

当分针在 6 到 12 之间,表示 “差几分到几点”,使用 to

📌 图解总结

📘 5. 查看时间图片实例

以下是一些带有图像的时钟示例,帮助你视觉化地理解英语中的时间表达。每一行包含一个时钟图、英文表达以及中文翻译。

时钟 英文表达 中文翻译
12:00It is twelve o'clock十二点整
12:05It is five past twelve十二点五分
12:10It is ten past twelve十二点十分
12:15It is quarter past twelve十二点一刻
12:20It is twenty past twelve十二点二十分
12:25It is twenty-five past twelve十二点二十五分
12:30It is half past twelve十二点半
12:35It is twenty-five to one差二十五分钟一点
12:40It is twenty to one差二十分钟一点
12:45It is quarter to one差一刻一点
12:50It is ten to one差十分一点
12:55It is five to one差五分一点
13:00It is one o'clock一点整
13:05It is five past one一点五分
13:15It is quarter past one一点一刻
13:30It is half past one一点半
13:55It is five to two差五分两点
14:00It is two o'clock两点整

📘 6. 互动练习 – 几点了?

根据括号中的时间,用英文完整地写出表达方式。使用 pasttohalfquarter 等关键词。

查看答案
  • The meeting is at quarter past nine.
  • The train leaves at half past six.
  • He goes to school at seven o'clock.
  • The film starts at quarter to nine.
  • I go to bed at ten past ten.

📘 7. 国家、国籍和首都

在本节中,你将学习如何用英语表示:

接下来的章节将按洲别(非洲、美洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲)列出各国的英语表达,帮助你拓展词汇并掌握实用表达。

每个国家的信息都包含于表格中,方便查阅和记忆。

🌍 7.1 非洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

下表列出了非洲所有国家的英文名称、对应的国籍形容词、居民称谓和首都。请注意这些词汇在对话和写作中非常常见,特别是在介绍自己或他人时。

Country Nationality People Capital
AlgeriaAlgerianthe AlgeriansAlgiers
AngolaAngolanthe AngolansLuanda
BeninBeninesethe BeninesePorto-Novo
BotswanaBotswananthe BotswanansGaborone
Burkina FasoBurkinabethe BurkinabeOuagadougou
BurundiBurundianthe BurundiansGitega
Cabo VerdeCape Verdeanthe Cape VerdeansPraia
CameroonCameroonianthe CamerooniansYaoundé
Central African RepublicCentral Africanthe Central AfricansBangui
ChadChadianthe ChadiansN'Djamena
ComorosComorianthe ComoriansMoroni
Republic of the CongoCongolesethe CongoleseBrazzaville
Democratic Republic of the CongoCongolesethe CongoleseKinshasa
Côte d'IvoireIvorianthe IvoriansYamoussoukro
DjiboutiDjiboutianthe DjiboutiansDjibouti
EgyptEgyptianthe EgyptiansCairo
Equatorial GuineaEquatoguineanthe EquatoguineansMalabo
EritreaEritreanthe EritreansAsmara
EswatiniSwazithe SwazisMbabane
EthiopiaEthiopianthe EthiopiansAddis Ababa
GabonGabonesethe GaboneseLibreville
GambiaGambianthe GambiansBanjul
GhanaGhanaianthe GhanaiansAccra
GuineaGuineanthe GuineansConakry
Guinea-BissauBissau-Guineanthe Bissau-GuineansBissau
KenyaKenyanthe KenyansNairobi
LesothoBasothothe BasothoMaseru
LiberiaLiberianthe LiberiansMonrovia
LibyaLibyanthe LibyansTripoli
MadagascarMalagasythe MalagasyAntananarivo
MalawiMalawianthe MalawiansLilongwe
MaliMalianthe MaliansBamako
MauritaniaMauritanianthe MauritaniansNouakchott
MauritiusMauritianthe MauritiansPort Louis
MoroccoMoroccanthe MoroccansRabat
MozambiqueMozambicanthe MozambicansMaputo
NamibiaNamibianthe NamibiansWindhoek
NigerNigerienthe NigeriensNiamey
NigeriaNigerianthe NigeriansAbuja
RwandaRwandanthe RwandansKigali
São Tomé and PríncipeSão Toméanthe São ToméansSão Tomé
SenegalSenegalesethe SenegaleseDakar
SeychellesSeychelloisthe SeychelloisVictoria
Sierra LeoneSierra Leoneanthe Sierra LeoneansFreetown
SomaliaSomalithe SomalisMogadishu
South AfricaSouth Africanthe South AfricansPretoria
South SudanSouth Sudanesethe South SudaneseJuba
SudanSudanesethe SudaneseKhartoum
TanzaniaTanzanianthe TanzaniansDodoma
TogoTogolesethe TogoleseLomé
TunisiaTunisianthe TunisiansTunis
UgandaUgandanthe UgandansKampala
ZambiaZambianthe ZambiansLusaka
ZimbabweZimbabweanthe ZimbabweansHarare

🌎 7.2 美洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

这个表格展示了北美、中美和南美洲国家的相关信息,包括: 国家名称(Country)国籍(Nationality)居民称谓(People)首都(Capital)

Country Nationality People Capital
Antigua and BarbudaAntiguanthe AntiguansSaint John's
ArgentinaArgentinianthe ArgentiniansBuenos Aires
BahamasBahamianthe BahamiansNassau
BarbadosBarbadianthe BarbadiansBridgetown
BelizeBelizeanthe BelizeansBelmopan
BoliviaBolivianthe BoliviansSucre
BrazilBrazilianthe BraziliansBrasília
CanadaCanadianthe CanadiansOttawa
ChileChileanthe ChileansSantiago
ColombiaColombianthe ColombiansBogotá
Costa RicaCosta Ricanthe Costa RicansSan José
CubaCubanthe CubansHavana
DominicaDominicanthe DominicansRoseau
Dominican RepublicDominicanthe DominicansSanto Domingo
EcuadorEcuadorianthe EcuadoriansQuito
El SalvadorSalvadoranthe SalvadoransSan Salvador
GrenadaGrenadianthe GrenadiansSt. George's
GuatemalaGuatemalanthe GuatemalansGuatemala City
GuyanaGuyanesethe GuyaneseGeorgetown
HaitiHaitianthe HaitiansPort-au-Prince
HondurasHonduranthe HonduransTegucigalpa
JamaicaJamaicanthe JamaicansKingston
MexicoMexicanthe MexicansMexico City
NicaraguaNicaraguanthe NicaraguansManagua
PanamaPanamanianthe PanamaniansPanama City
ParaguayParaguayanthe ParaguayansAsunción
PeruPeruvianthe PeruviansLima
Saint Kitts and NevisKittitian / Nevisianthe Kittitians and NevisiansBasseterre
Saint LuciaSaint Lucianthe Saint LuciansCastries
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesVincentianthe VincentiansKingstown
SurinameSurinamesethe SurinameseParamaribo
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidadianthe TrinidadiansPort of Spain
United StatesAmericanthe AmericansWashington, D.C.
UruguayUruguayanthe UruguayansMontevideo
VenezuelaVenezuelanthe VenezuelansCaracas

🌏 7.3 亚洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

亚洲是世界上最大和人口最多的洲。以下表格列出了各国的英文名称、对应的国籍、居民名词和首都,适合用于口语和写作练习。

Country Nationality People Capital
AfghanistanAfghanthe AfghansKabul
ArmeniaArmenianthe ArmeniansYerevan
AzerbaijanAzerbaijanithe AzerbaijanisBaku
BahrainBahrainithe BahrainisManama
BangladeshBangladeshithe BangladeshisDhaka
BhutanBhutanesethe BhutaneseThimphu
BruneiBruneianthe BruneiansBandar Seri Begawan
CambodiaCambodianthe CambodiansPhnom Penh
ChinaChinesethe ChineseBeijing
CyprusCypriotthe CypriotsNicosia
GeorgiaGeorgianthe GeorgiansTbilisi
IndiaIndianthe IndiansNew Delhi
IndonesiaIndonesianthe IndonesiansJakarta
IranIranianthe IraniansTehran
IraqIraqithe IraqisBaghdad
IsraelIsraelithe IsraelisJerusalem
JapanJapanesethe JapaneseTokyo
JordanJordanianthe JordaniansAmman
KazakhstanKazakhthe KazakhsAstana
KuwaitKuwaitithe KuwaitisKuwait City
KyrgyzstanKyrgyzthe KyrgyzBishkek
LaosLaothe LaoVientiane
LebanonLebanesethe LebaneseBeirut
MalaysiaMalaysianthe MalaysiansKuala Lumpur
MaldivesMaldivianthe MaldiviansMalé
MongoliaMongolianthe MongoliansUlaanbaatar
MyanmarBurmesethe BurmeseNaypyidaw
NepalNepalithe NepaleseKathmandu
North KoreaNorth Koreanthe North KoreansPyongyang
OmanOmanithe OmanisMuscat
PakistanPakistanithe PakistanisIslamabad
PalestinePalestinianthe PalestiniansRamallah
PhilippinesFilipinothe FilipinosManila
QatarQatarithe QatarisDoha
Saudi ArabiaSaudithe SaudisRiyadh
SingaporeSingaporeanthe SingaporeansSingapore
South KoreaSouth Koreanthe South KoreansSeoul
Sri LankaSri Lankanthe Sri LankansColombo
SyriaSyrianthe SyriansDamascus
TaiwanTaiwanesethe TaiwaneseTaipei
TajikistanTajikthe TajiksDushanbe
ThailandThaithe ThaiBangkok
Timor-LesteTimoresethe TimoreseDili
TurkeyTurkishthe TurksAnkara
TurkmenistanTurkmenthe TurkmensAshgabat
United Arab EmiratesEmiratithe EmiratisAbu Dhabi
UzbekistanUzbekthe UzbeksTashkent
VietnamVietnamesethe VietnameseHanoi
YemenYemenithe YemenisSana'a

🌍 7.4 欧洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

欧洲拥有众多国家,是语言和文化非常丰富的地区。下表列出各国的英文名称、国籍形容词、居民称呼以及首都名称,非常适合提升词汇量和地理常识。

Country Nationality People Capital
AlbaniaAlbanianthe AlbaniansTirana
AndorraAndorranthe AndorransAndorra la Vella
AustriaAustrianthe AustriansVienna
BelarusBelarusianthe BelarusiansMinsk
BelgiumBelgianthe BelgiansBrussels
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnianthe BosniansSarajevo
BulgariaBulgarianthe BulgariansSofia
CroatiaCroatianthe CroatsZagreb
Czech RepublicCzechthe CzechsPrague
DenmarkDanishthe DanesCopenhagen
EstoniaEstonianthe EstoniansTallinn
FinlandFinnishthe FinnsHelsinki
FranceFrenchthe FrenchParis
GermanyGermanthe GermansBerlin
GreeceGreekthe GreeksAthens
HungaryHungarianthe HungariansBudapest
IcelandIcelandicthe IcelandersReykjavík
IrelandIrishthe IrishDublin
ItalyItalianthe ItaliansRome
LatviaLatvianthe LatviansRiga
LiechtensteinLiechtensteinerthe LiechtensteinersVaduz
LithuaniaLithuanianthe LithuaniansVilnius
LuxembourgLuxembourgishthe LuxembourgersLuxembourg
MaltaMaltesethe MalteseValletta
MoldovaMoldovanthe MoldovansChișinău
MonacoMonegasquethe MonegasquesMonaco
MontenegroMontenegrinthe MontenegrinsPodgorica
NetherlandsDutchthe DutchAmsterdam
North MacedoniaMacedonianthe MacedoniansSkopje
NorwayNorwegianthe NorwegiansOslo
PolandPolishthe PolesWarsaw
PortugalPortuguesethe PortugueseLisbon
RomaniaRomanianthe RomaniansBucharest
RussiaRussianthe RussiansMoscow
San MarinoSammarinesethe SammarineseSan Marino
SerbiaSerbianthe SerbsBelgrade
SlovakiaSlovakthe SlovaksBratislava
SloveniaSlovenianthe SloveniansLjubljana
SpainSpanishthe SpanishMadrid
SwedenSwedishthe SwedesStockholm
SwitzerlandSwissthe SwissBern
UkraineUkrainianthe UkrainiansKyiv
United KingdomBritishthe BritishLondon
Vatican CityVaticanthe Vatican citizensVatican City

🌊 7.5 大洋洲 – 国家、国籍和首都

大洋洲包含澳大利亚、新西兰及太平洋上的众多岛国。以下表格提供各国的英语名称、对应的国籍、居民称呼和首都,方便掌握地理与文化相关词汇。

Country Nationality People Capital
AustraliaAustralianthe AustraliansCanberra
FijiFijianthe FijiansSuva
KiribatiKiribatithe I-KiribatiSouth Tarawa
Marshall IslandsMarshallesethe MarshalleseMajuro
MicronesiaMicronesianthe MicronesiansPalikir
NauruNauruanthe NauruansYaren (de facto)
New ZealandNew Zealandthe New ZealandersWellington
PalauPalauanthe PalauansNgerulmud
Papua New GuineaPapua New Guineanthe Papua New GuineansPort Moresby
SamoaSamoanthe SamoansApia
Solomon IslandsSolomon Islanderthe Solomon IslandersHoniara
TongaTonganthe TongansNukuʻalofa
TuvaluTuvaluanthe TuvaluansFunafuti
VanuatuVanuatuanthe Ni-VanuatuPort Vila

📘 8. 示例 + 总复习练习题

✔️ 英语表达例句

📝 练习题 – 用英语填写正确的国家、国籍或首都

查看答案
  • She is from China. She is Chinese.
  • They are Germans. They live in Berlin.
  • I am from Senegal. I live in Dakar.
  • Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
  • We are Spanish. We live in Madrid.

📌 总结要点

📘 9. 课程总结

在本课程中,我们系统学习了两个非常重要的英语基础主题:

本课程内容结合了视觉图像、例句、练习和总结,适合零基础学习者,也适合用于复习巩固。掌握这些基础内容,将大大提升你的日常交流能力。

欢迎继续学习本站的其他英语课程,不断提升你的语言技能。