01/ UNDERSTAND FRENCH ARTICLES.

Definite articles : the French definite article is very different from that of other languages. For instance, in English, we have just one definite article, that is "The" but in french, we have four definite articles : le, la, les, l'.
So the = le, la, les, l' = .
How :
In reality, in French, the definite article is used following the gender and number. Talking about gender, there are two : male and female. Also, French has a neutral definite article and contraction.

Male : When the subject is male, in french we use the article le.
Example :
le garçon : the boy.
le bois : the wood.
le lit : the bed.

Female : When the subject is female, in french we use the article la.
Example :
la fille : the girl.
la maison : the house.
la voiture : the car.

Number : When the subject is plural, be it male or female, we use the article les.
Example :
les garçons : the boys.
les filles : the girls.
les lits : the beds.
les bois : the woods.
les voitures : the cars.
les maisons : the houses.

Neutral article : Before some subjects begining with a vowel or mute h, we use a neutral article
Example :
l'animal : the animal.
l'homme : the man.
l'hôtel : the hotel.
l'ennemi : the enemy.
l'armée : the army.
l'intention : the intention.

Contraction : When the definite article is used with the preposition "a" or "of", it gives a new article.
Example :
a + le = au.
parler au voisin : to talk to the neighboring.

de + le = du.
parler du film : to talk about the movie.

de + les = des.
parler des films : to talk about movies.

Indefinite article the French indefinite article is also different from that of other languages. For instance, in English, we have just one indefinite article, that is "a" but in french, we have four indefinite articles : un, une, des, d'.
This article also follows the gender and number.
Let's use them :

Male : When the subject is male, we use "un" as indefinite article.
Example :
un garçon : a boy.
un chat : a cat.
un chient : a dog.
un homme : a man.

Female : When the subject is female, we use "une" as indefinite article.
Example :
un fille : a girl.
une maison : a house.
une chaise : a chair.
une femme : a woman.
une ville : a town.

Number : When the subject is plural, be it male or female, we use the article des.
Example :
des garçons : boys.
des maisons : houses.
des filles : girls.
des voitures : cars.
des lits : beds.
des bois : woods.

Neutral article : Before some subjects begining with a vowel or mute h, we use a neutral article d'.
Example :
j'ai beaucoup d'amis : I have many friends.

Contraction : When the definite article is used with the definite article, "de + le", it gives a new article "du".
Example :
de + le = du.
du sable : sand.

Except when used with "la"
de + la = de la.
de la farine : flour.