AUXILIAIRES:
il y a (03) trois principaux auxiliaires. On a l'auxiliaire
to be
(être), to have (avoir) et to do
(neutre). Ces auxiliaires sont classés dans le rang des verbes irréguliers parce qu'ils
forment leur passé et participe passé à leur façon.
Exemple :
| Présent | passé | participe passé | Signication |
|---|---|---|---|
| be | was / were | been | être |
| have | had | had | avoir |
| do | did | / | neutre |
Hormis ces auxiliaires, il y a aussi les auxiliaires de modalité: can, may, must, shall, will, would et should. Pour tout connaître sur les auxiliaires de modalité, cliquez ici: bien comprendre les auxiliaires modaux.
01 A la forme affirmative :
Long form
I am
you are
he is
she is
it is
we are
you are
they are
Short form
I'm
you're
he's
she's
it's
we're
you're
they're
Exemple:
I am
young / I'm young : je suis
jeune.
you
are young / you're young : tu
es jeune.
he
is young / he's young : il est
jeune.
02 A la forme négative :
Long form
I am not
you are not
he is not
she is not
it is not
we are not
you are not
they are not
Short form
I'm not
you aren't
he isn't
she isn't
it isn't
we aren't
you aren't
they aren't
Exemple:
I am
not young / I'm not young :
je ne suis pas jeune.
you
are not young / you aren't
young : tu n'es pas jeune.
he
is not young / he isn't young :
il n'est pas jeune.
03 A la forme interrogative :
One form
am I ?
are you ?
is he ?
is she ?
is it ?
are we ?
are you ?
are they ?
Exemple:
am I
young ? : suis-je jeune ?
are
you young ? : es-tu jeune ?
is
he young ? : est-il jeune ?
04 A la forme interronégative :
Long form
am I not ?
are you not ?
is he not ?
is she not ?
is it not ?
are we not ?
are you not ?
are they not ?
Short form
aren't I ?
aren't you ?
isn't he ?
isn't she ?
isn't it ?
aren't we ?
aren't you ?
aren't they ?
Exemple:
am I
not young ? / aren't I young
? : ne suis-je pas jeune ?
are
you not young ? / aren't you young
? : n'es-tu pas jeune ?
is
he not young ? / isn't he young
? : n'est-il pas jeune ?
01 A la forme affirmative :
Long form
I have
you have
he has
she has
it has
we have
you have
they have
Short form
I've
you've
he's
she's
it's
we've
you've
they've
Exemple:
I
have a dog / I've a dog : j'ai
un chien.
you
have a dog / you've a dog : tu
as un chien.
he
has a dog / he's a dog : il a
un chien.
02 A la forme négative :
Long form
I have not
you have not
he has not
she has not
it has not
we have not
you have not
they have not
Short form
I haven't
you haven't
he hasn't
she hasn't
it hasn't
we haven't
you haven't
they haven't
Exemple:
I
have not a dog / I haven't a dog
: je n'ai pas un chien.
you
have not a dog / you haven't a
dog : tu n'as pas un chien.
he
has not a dog / he hasn't a dog
: il n'a pas un chien.
03 A la forme interrogative :
One form
have I ?
have you ?
has he ?
has she ?
has it ?
have we ?
have you ?
have they ?
Exemple:
have
I a dog ? : ai-je un chien ?
have
you a dog ? : as-tu un chien
?
has
he a dog ? : a-t-il un chien
?
04 A la forme interronégative :
Long form
have I not ?
have you not ?
has he not ?
has she not ?
has it not ?
have we not ?
have you not ?
have they not ?
Short form
haven't I ?
haven't you ?
hasn't he ?
hasn't she ?
hasn't it ?
haven't we ?
haven't you ?
haven't they ?
Exemple:
have
I not a dog ? / haven't I a dog
? : n'ai-je pas un chien ?
have
you not a dog ? / haven't you a dog
? : n'as-tu pas un chien ?
has
he not a dog ? / hasn't he a dog
? : n'a-t-il pas un chien ?
To
do
est un auxiliaire neutre. il ne signifie rien. On l'utilise pour former la forme
négative, interrogative et interronégative des verbes qui ne sont pas des
auxiliaires. Prenons comme exemple le verbe to eat (manger).
Dans une phrase, on dira par exemple :
you eat some bread (vous mangez du pain).
On constate que cette phrase ne contient pas un auxiliare donc, pour former la forme négative, interrogative
et interronégative on doit faire intervenir l'auxilaire neutre do.
Ainsi on aura :
form négative
you do not eat any bread :
(vous
ne mangez pas du pain.)
form interrogative
do you eat some bread ? :
(mangez-vous du pain ?)
form interronégative
do you not eat
any bread ? : (ne mangez-vous pas du pain ?)
N.B: Il ne faut pas confondre to do qui est un auxiliare "neutre" et to do du verbe "faire".
| Présent | passé | participe passé | Signication |
|---|---|---|---|
| do | did | / | neutre |
| do | did | done | faire |
Le
do
auxiliaire ne se conjugue qu'au présent et au passé simple. par contre le
do du
verbe fire a un participe passé.
Si le verbe do est conjugué dans une phrase telle que
"I do something new
everyday" (je fais queque chose de nouveau
chaque jour). Pour former la
forme négative, interrogative et interronégative, on fera appel à
l'auxilaire do.
Exemple:
form négative
I do not do something new
everyday.
form interrogative
do I do something new
everyday ?.
form interronégative
do I not do
something new
everyday ?.
Le premier do est l'auxiliaire neutre et le second est le verbe faire.
