Il y a deux futurs simples: le futur proche (near future) et le futur lointain (far future).
Far future: il exprime une action que va réaliser dans les jours à venir, les mois... son auxiliare c'est (shall / will) .
01 A la forme affirmative :
Long form
I shall / will walk
you will walk
he will walk
she will walk
it will walk
we shall / will walk
you will walk
they will walk
Short form
I'll walk
you'll walk
he'll walk
she'll walk
it'll walk
we'll walk
you'll walk
they'll walk
Exemple:
I will walk alone tomorrow
: je marcherai seul demain.
he'll walk alone tomorrow
: il marchera seul demain.
they will walk alone tomorrow
: ils marcheront seuls demain...
02 A la forme négative :
Long form
I shall / will not walk
you will not walk
he will not walk
she will not walk
it will not walk
we shall / will not walk
you will not walk
they will not walk
Short form
I shan't / won't walk
you won't walk
he won't walk
she won't walk
it won't walk
we shan't / won't walk
you won't walk
they won't walk
Exemple:
I will not walk alone tomorrow
: je ne marcherai pas seul demain.
he won't walk alone tomorrow
: il ne marchera pas seul demain.
they will not walk alone
tomorrow
: ils ne marcheront pas seuls demain...
03 A la forme interrogative :
Long form
shall / will I walk ?
will you walk ?
will he walk ?
will she walk ?
will it walk ?
shall / will we walk ?
will you walk ?
will they walk ?
Exemple:
will I walk alone tomorrow ?
: marcherai-je seul demain ?
will he walk alone tomorrow ?
: marchera-t-il seul demain ?
will they walk alone tomorrow
?
: marcheront-ils seuls demain ?...
04 A la forme interronégative :
Long form
shall / will I not walk ?
will you not walk ?
will he not walk ?
will she not walk ?
will it not walk ?
shall / will we not walk ?
will you not walk ?
will they not walk ?
Short form
shan't / won't I walk ?
won't you walk ?
won't he walk ?
won't she walk ?
won't it walk ?
shan't / won't we walk ?
won't you walk ?
won't they walk ?
Exemple:
will I not walk alone
tomorrow ?
: ne marcherai-je pas seul demain ?
will he not walk alone
tomorrow ?
: ne marchera-t-il pas seul demain ?
will they not walk alone
tomorrow
?
: ne marcheront-ils pas seuls demain ?...
Near future:
il exprime une action qui va se réaliser dans quelques instants,
quelques jours...
Par
exempe: Je vais manger.
Ici, on comprendre qu'il est sur le point de manger. L'action peut se produire dans quelque minutes ou
heures. Le verbe manger est indruit au futur proche par (vais) , qui est
le verber aller.
Le verbe aller est donc l'auxiliare du futur proche. Mais, en anglais, au futur proche, ce
verbe
(aller) est remplacé par « to be going to ».
La structure du futur proche serait : sujet + to be going to + verbe +
complément.
01 A la forme affirmative :
Long form
I am going to walk
you are going to walk
he is going to walk
she is going to walk
it is going to walk
we are going to walk
you are going to walk
they are going to walk
Short form
I'm going to walk
you're going to walk
he's going to walk
she's going to walk
it's going to walk
we're going to walk
you're going to walk
they're going to walk
Exemple:
I am going to walk alone
tomorrow : je
vais marcher seul demain.
you are going to walk alone
tomorrow :
tu vas marcher seul demain.
he is going to walk alone
tomorrow :
il va marcher seul demain...
02 A la forme négative :
Long form
I am not going to walk
you are not going to walk
he is not going to walk
she is not going to walk
it is not going to walk
we are not going to walk
you are not going to walk
they are not going to walk
Short form
I'm not going to walk
you aren't going to walk
he isn't going to walk
she isn't going to walk
it isn't going to walk
we aren't going to walk
you aren't going to walk
they aren't going to walk
Exemple:
I am not going to walk alone tomorrow
?
: je ne vais pas marcher seul demain
you are not going to walk alone
tomorrow ?
: tu ne vas pas marcher seul demain
he is not going to walk alone tomorrow
?
: il ne va pas marcher seul demain...
03 A la forme interrogative :
Long form
am I going to walk ?
are you going to walk ?
is he going to walk ?
is she going to walk ?
is it going to walk ?
are we going to walk ?
are you going to walk ?
are they going to walk ?
Exemple:
am I going to walk alone tomorrow
? :
vais-je marcher seul demain ?
are you going to walk alone tomorrow
?
: vas-tu marcher seul demain ?
is he going to walk alone tomorrow
?
: va-t-il marcher seul demain ?...
04 A la forme interronégative :
Long form
am I not going to walk ?
are you not going to walk ?
is he not going to walk ?
is she not going to walk ?
is it not going to walk ?
are we not going to walk ?
are you not going to walk ?
are they not going to walk ?
Short form
aren't I going to walk ?
aren't you going to walk ?
isn't he going to walk ?
isn't she going to walk ?
isn't it going to walk ?
aren't we going to walk ?
aren't you going to walk ?
aren't they going to walk ?
Exemple:
am I not going to walk alone tomorrow
?
: ne vais-je pas marcher
seul demain ?
are you not going to walk alone
tomorrow ?
: ne vas-tu pas marcher seul demain ?
is he not going to walk alone tomorrow
?
: ne va-t-il pas marcher seul demain ?...
NB
Le futur est aussi souvent introduit par le "présent simple" et le "présent
continu".
Le
présent simple
Au présent simple, on utilise les mots tels que : " afternoon,
tonight..." et les heures : "11 a.m., 5 p.m, in 5
hours, in ten minutes..."
Exemple :
we have a meeting this afternoon
:
nous
aurons une réunion cet après-midi.
I pay you your debt tonight
:
je te
paierai ta dette ce soir.
the match starts in 5 hours
:
le match
commence dans 5 heures.
the horse race starts at 1 p.m.
:
la course de chevaux
commence à 13 heures.
Le
présent
continu
Au présent continu, on utilise les mots tels que : " tomorrow, next month,
next week, next year, next monday..."
Exemple :
I'm calling you tomorrow
:
je
t'appellerai demain.
I'm paying you your debt next month
:
je te
paierai ta dette le mois prochain.
the championship is starting next week
:
le championnat
commence la semaine prochaine.
I'm travelling to America next year
:
je
voyage en Amérique l'année prochaine.
