En
général,
pour conjuguer un verbe au passé simple (simple past) , on
ajoute « ed » à la fin du verbe.
Les verbes réguliers (regular verbs) acceptent cette règle
mais, les verbes irréguliers (irregular verbs) refusent cette
règle et forment le passé simple (simple past) à leur façon.
Il faut apprendre le passé des verbes irréguliers par coeur. cliquez ici pour
apprendre les verbes irréguliers.
Nous
avons déjà conjugué
le verbe walk au passé simple.
Ici nous allons nous baser sur la contraction de la forme négative et
interronégative.
Comme nous l'avions vu avec le présent simple, pour former les formes négatives,
interrogatives et
interronégative on prend toujous « do » sauf
si la
conjugaison à déjà un auxiliaire. Mais cette fois-ci, « do »
se conjuguera au passé. Au passé « do » devient « did » , c'est un verbe irrégulier.
Quand « did » est utilisé, le verbe ne
doit
plus porter la terminaison du passé « ed » .
01 A la forme affirmative :
Long form
I walked
you walked
he walked
she walked
it walked
we walked
you walked
they walked
02 A la forme négative :
Long form
I did not walk
you did not walk
he did not walk
she did not walk
it did not walk
we did not walk
you did not walk
they did not walk
Short form
I didn't walk
you didn't walk
he didn't walk
she didn't walk
it didn't walk
we didn't walk
you didn't walk
they didn't walk
03 A la forme interrogative :
Long form
did I walk ?
did you walk ?
did he walk ?
did she walk ?
did it walk ?
did we walk ?
did you walk ?
did they walk ?
04 A la forme interronégative :
Long form
did I not walk ?
did you not walk ?
did he not walk ?
did she not walk ?
did it not walk ?
did we not walk ?
did you not walk ?
did they not walk ?
Short form
didn't I walk ?
didn't you walk ?
didn't he walk ?
didn't she walk ?
didn't it walk ?
didn't we walk ?
didn't you walk ?
didn't they walk ?
Illustrations
comsidérons les trois (03) verbes irréguliers suivants:
to go (aller), to
come (venir) et to see (voir).
| Présent | passé | participe passé |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone |
| come | came | come |
| see | saw | seen |
Nous constatons que
chaque verbe form son passé à sa manière; go devient went, come devient came et see devient saw. C'est pour cela qu'il faut apprendre le passé de ces verbes
par coeur. Cliquez ici pour
apprendre les verbes irréguliers.
Nous allons conjuguer le verbe to go:
01 A la forme affirmative :
I went
you went
he went
she went
it went
we went
you went
they went
NB:
I went : j'allais
you went : tu allais
he went : il allait...
02 A la forme négative :
Long form
I did not go
you did not go
he did not go
she did not go
it did not go
we did not go
you did not go
they did not go
Short form
I didn't go
you didn't go
he didn't go
she didn't go
it didn't go
we didn't go
you didn't go
they didn't go
Exemple:
I did not go : je
n'allais pas
you did not go : tu n'allais pas
he did not go : il n'allait pas...
03 A la forme interrogative :
Long form
did I go ?
did you go ?
did he go ?
did she go ?
did it go ?
did we go ?
did you go ?
did they go ?
Exemple:
did I go ? : allais-je
?
did you go ? : allais-tu ?
did he go ? : allait-il ?...
04 A la forme interronégative :
Long form
did I not go ?
did you not go ?
did he not go ?
did she not go ?
did it not go ?
did we not go ?
did you not go ?
did they not go ?
Short form
didn't I go ?
didn't you go ?
didn't he go ?
didn't she go ?
didn't it go ?
didn't we go ?
didn't you go ?
didn't they go ?
Exemple:
did I not go ? :
n'allais-je pas
?
did you not go ? : n'allais-tu pas ?
did he not go ? : n'allait-il pas ?...
Traduire
le passé simple:
Le passé simple se traduit générallement à l'imparfait parce qu'elle exprime
une action qui se
repète.
Exemple:
"I saw him at
school" , ce qui
signifie : (Je le voyais à l'école).
Ici, on comprend qu'il le voyait à
plusieurs reprises donc l'action se repétait. Mais s'il ne l'avait vu qu'une seule fois, le passé simple se
traduirait par le passé simple. Ainsi,
"I saw him at school" aurait pour signification : (Je
le
vis
à l'école),
parce que l'action ne s'est produite qu'une seule fois.
